January 12 – Deep Impact is launched from Cape Canaveral with the purpose of studying the comet Tempel 1.
January 14 – The Huygens spacecraft lands on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.
January 20 – The most intense solar particle event in recorded history is observed.
February 10 – North Korea announces that it possesses nuclear weapons as a protection against the hostility it says it perceives from the United States.
February 14 – YouTube, an American online video sharing and social media platform was founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim headquartered in San Bruno, California.
February 16 – The Kyoto Protocol officially goes into effect.
March 14 – China ratifies an anti-secession law, aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.
March 24 – The President of Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev, is deposed following mass anti-government demonstrations and flees the country.
March 31 – The dwarf planet Makemake is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown at the Palomar Observatory.
April 2 – Pope John Paul II dies; over four million people travel to the Vatican to mourn him. Pope Benedict XVI succeeds him on April 19, becoming the 265th pope.
April 9 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Camilla receives the title Duchess of Cornwall.
April 23 – The first ever YouTube video is uploaded, titled Me at the zoo.
May 18 – English whisky is re-established in England.
May 21 – Kingda Ka is opened for the first time to the public at Six Flags Great Adventure, becoming the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster at the time.
May 21 - David Foster Wallace delivers his now-famous commencement address, This is Water at Kenyon College in Ohio.
June 1 – The Netherlands voted "no" to the European Constitution, following France's rejection in May. This effectively suspended efforts to ratify the constitution.
June 4 – The Civic Forum of the Romanians of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș is founded.
June 23 – The social news website Reddit was launched.
July 2 – Live 8, a set of 10 simultaneous concerts, takes place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.
July 6 – The International Olympic Committee awards London the right to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.
July 28 – As a result of the Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998, the Provisional Irish Republican Army ends its armed campaign and decommissions their weapons, by ordering all its units to drop their arms under the supervision of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning.
August 12 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is launched from Cape Canaveral, designed to explore Mars.
August 18 – Peace Mission 2005, the first joint China–Russia military exercise, begins its eight-day training on the Shandong Peninsula.
August 26 – The Constitution of Chile is heavily amended, eliminating senators for life, reducing the presidential terms from six to four years, giving the president exclusive rights to summon the National Security Council, and removes legal obstacles for the creation of new regions.
September 12 – Israel demolishes multiple settlements and withdraws its army from the Gaza Strip.
September 19 – North Korea agrees to stop building nuclear weapons in exchange for aid and cooperation.
September 30 – Controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, sparking outrage and violent riots by Muslims around the world.
October 12 – The second crewed Chinese spacecraft, Shenzhou 6, is launched.
October 19 – The trial of Saddam Hussein begins.
October 20 – The general conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) passes the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.
November 13 – Andrew Stimpson, a 25-year-old Scottish man, is reported as the first person proven to have been 'cured' of HIV.
November 28 – The United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Montreal.
November 30 – Surgeons in France carry out the first human face transplant with Isabelle Dinoire becoming the first person to undergo it.
December 12 – Scientists announce that they have created mice with small numbers of human neurons in an effort to make realistic models of neurological disorders.
December 16 – Find-a-drug medical distributed computing project is concluded.
December 31 – Another second is added, 23:59:60, to end the year 2005, the first time since 1998.
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